The industrial Internet has been very popular in the past two or three years, especially this year. As one of the important construction contents of the "new infrastructure", it has been highly valued by all walks of life, and governments at all levels have issued relevant support policies one after another. However, there are still many ambiguities about the origin, technical boundary and business scope of industrial Internet.
Write in front
The industrial Internet has been very popular in the past two or three years, especially this year. As one of the important construction contents of the "new infrastructure", it has been highly valued by all walks of life, and governments at all levels have issued relevant support policies one after another. However, there are still many ambiguities about the origin, technical boundary and business scope of industrial Internet.
The author excerpts some viewpoints from the book casting Soul: software definition manufacturing, and adds some recent thoughts. Taking advantage of the east wind of the industrial Internet online summit these two days, the author writes this article and looks forward to thinking with you. Welcome to comment and correct.
Technically speaking, industrial Internet originated from industrial Ethernet and Internet of things equipment decades ago. Technically speaking, it was developed by Shanghai Kelu software company in Chinatwo thousand and sevenIn, it was proposed that the popularity is due to the United StatesGECompany intwo thousand and twelveThe vigorous promotion of the year and the opportunity of various favorable factors in China.The "first principle" of industrial Internet is to widely connect all kinds of machinery, equipment and industrial systems, so as to realize "connection"-Control-optimization-The basic logic of "benefit": data acquisition is realized by connection, and real-time data transmission, real-time equipment monitoring and real-time insight into equipment behavior are realized by data acquisition, so as to optimize the allocation of industrial resources with evidence and refinement, so as to improve the quality and efficiency of enterprises.Collecting and analyzing massive data, connecting various equipment and optimizing the allocation of industrial resources are the basic connotation of industrial Internet;Nationwide, social and cross industry cooperation(the "three great" -- the author intwo thousand and twentyyeartwoIt is the basic expectation of the industry.
one.Two network subjects of industrial Internet
When and where did the industrial Internet originate? There is no unified statement in the industry. If we think that the industrial Internet originates from the industrial Internet of things, its source should beone thousand nine hundred and ninety-nineThe Internet of things was born in; If it is considered that the industrial Internet originates from industrial Ethernet, its source should beone thousand nine hundred and sixty-nineBorn inPLC(PLC).
stayone thousand nine hundred and sixty-nineIn, many historic events took place in the field of science, technology and industry, and there were events affecting the whole worldUNIXOperating systemCLanguageARPANET(ARPANET)IPProtocol, databasePLCAnd other new things. Among them,PLCIt is the source of industrial Ethernet and fieldbus, and ARPANET is the ancestor of the Internet.
（one）Industrial EthernetPLCIn the second industrial revolution, the traditional relay control equipment becamePLCSo the Germans willPLCAs the beginning of the third industrial revolution.PLCIt is very important in the manufacturing process.
In the factory, various equipment are combined into a production line to realize the process characteristics of product processing and assembly process according to the specified steps, sequences and quality standards, which determines that each process and production link requires a control unit. Therefore, inPLCIn the process of a large number of applications, problems also follow: thesePLCFormed their own separation/Isolated information islands, communication between each other is a big problem, so it appearsCCR(centralized control center) for centralized management.
However, when the scale of centralized control is too large and the units are too centralized, if there is a problem in a critical path, it may lead to the paralysis of a large control area, so there is a distributed control mode. When people connect many control units to a network with wires, the nodes can communicate correctly with each other without conflict, and the data link layer function of LAN is born.
With the expansion of the factory scale, the production area to be controlled is also increasing, the workshop production environment is becoming more and more complex, more and more equipment to be controlled, and the connection cost is becoming higher and higher. When the digital communication transmission technology replaces the analog signal, the basic form of fieldbus is formed. Later, various sensors and actuators were continuously integrated into digital technology, and the communication between them gradually evolved into LANCCRTurn intoDDC(direct digital control), and then gradually evolved intoDCS(distributed control system).
one thousand nine hundred and seventy-threeIn, Robert Metcalf of Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, the initiator of "Metcalf's law", wrote a memo to his boss about the potential of Ethernet and put forward the concept of Ethernet.one thousand nine hundred and seventy-sixIn, Metcalfe and his assistant David Boggs published an article entitled Ethernet: distributed packet switching technology of local computer network, which officially proposed Ethernet and related technologies.
Ethernet solutions effectively meet the real-time performance and durability requirements of industrial applications. When a special industrial protocol is encapsulated in the Ethernet protocol, industrial Ethernet is born.
（two）Industrial Internet of thingsInternet of things inone thousand nine hundred and ninety-nineMIT（MIT）Professor Kevin Ashton first practiced and named, such asRFIDChips or sensors are added to objects and then connected to the Internet. staytwo thousand and twoIn, the Internet of things was used in the industrial field, so there was the industrial Internet of things.
Industrial Internet of things isIt was born outside the industry and then quickly penetrated into the industrial fieldIndustrial networking solution for connecting machinery and equipment. In recent years, the connection scope of industrial IOT has far exceeded and covered the connection scope of industrial Ethernet, making industrial Ethernet a subset of industrial IOT. The connotation and definition of the industrial Internet of things are still developing and changing. Many enterprises, organizations and experts in the industry believe that the industrial Internet of things is very close to the industrial Internet, or even the industrial Internet.
According to the white paper on industrial Internet of things issued by the Institute of electronic standards of the Ministry of industry and information technology: "The industrial Internet of things is to realize the flexible configuration of manufacturing raw materials, the on-demand implementation of manufacturing process, the reasonable optimization of manufacturing process and the rapid adaptation of manufacturing environment through the network interconnection, data exchange and system interoperability of industrial resources, so as to achieve the efficient utilization of resources, so as to build a service driven Internet of thingsNew industrial ecosystem。” This definition regards the industrial Internet of things as a largest subset of the industrial Internet. So far, international industrial organizations or standardization institutions have not given an authoritative definition of the industrial Internet of things. From the available data,GEEuropean and American enterprises such as, Siemens and Bosch all define their own platform as "industrial Internet of things".
in summary,Industrial Ethernet and industrial Internet of things are the originator and source of industrial Internet。 Industrial Ethernet is mainly provided by the machine itselfPLCThe industrial Internet of things connects the machine through sensorsRFIDTo connect equipment and various objects. These two forms of networking constitute the basic structure and main body of industrial Internet to connect the "end (various equipment)" of industry.
The Internet developed by ARPANET (Huawei Ren Zhengfei calls it Telecom Internet) can not become the main body of industrial Internet, but the auxiliary and supplement of industrial Internet. Its main purpose is to connect various computers, mobile phones, tablets and other terminals to form social networks/Consume the Internet and become an ecological cooperative member of the industrial Internet.
The so-called "industry"/The saying that "industrial Internet is the second half of the Internet" is a subjective assumption and misleading for those who do not understand the development history of the above industrial network. The "Internet" in this statement is a concept that lacks a clear meaning. I don't know whether it refers to Telecom Internet or industrial Ethernet and industrial Internet of things? However, no matter which one it refers to, this sentence can not be established: if it refers to the telecommunications Internet, whether in the "first half" or "second half", it has been connected to computer terminals and built a social consumer Internet, and has not been and can not be connected to industrial equipment; If it refers to industrial Ethernet and industrial Internet of things, they have always been the network connecting industrial equipment and the source and main body of industrial Internet. They have been working diligently since the "first half", so why the "second half"?
two.Three basic characteristics of industrial Internet
Industrial Internet has clear technical and business boundaries. Its basic features can be summarized into three sentences:
（one）Connecting industrial elementsThe various "terminals" connected by the industrial Internet are various elements of the industry, such as "people, machines and things" or "people, machines, materials, methods, environment and measurement", which are often referred to by industrial people, including but not limited to various machines, equipment, production lines, materials, processes, processes, facilities and skills.From the perspective of enterprise boundary, the industrial Internet not only connects various resources within the enterprise (which can be distributed)Product under developmentandWork in processAnd it can go beyond the enterprise boundary and connect all kinds of high-value and high-risk enterprisesIn supplies(e.g. automobile, construction machinery, wind power)/Photovoltaic equipment, etc.).
（two）Form industrial solutionsOn the industrial Internet platform, various solutions for industrial problems can be formed, such as product innovation, product R & D improvement, process innovation, personalized customization, intelligent production scheduling, lean production, safety production, capacity detection, predictive maintenance, energy conservation and emission reduction, refined operation, etc.
（three）Serve the main body of industryIndustrial Internet originates from industry and prospers in industry. It must also take industry as the main body and serve industry. Building an industrial power is the foundation of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. The competition between countries is actually the competition of industrial strength, including all kinds of industrial products（forty-oneIndustrial categoriestwo hundred and sevenMiddle classsix hundred and sixty-sixSub categories) and industrial Internet (including industrial Internet platform and industrialAPP）And the industrial strength of industrial software.
The scope of industrial Internet platform should not be expanded blindly. Those that are not connected with industrial factors, do not serve around the main industrial body, and are in the primary production/The third industry has long-standing platforms with very mature business models,Including but not limited to Witkey platform, commercial logistics platform, e-commerce platform, foreign trade platform, human networking platform, financial platform, human resources platform, meteorological platform, agriculture and animal husbandry platform, construction platform, medical and health care, government bidding platform, etc,They are not industrial Internet platforms, butIt belongs to a cooperation platform that can be interconnected with the industrial Internet platform and is a good ecological partner。 Open cooperation, business connection, financing development and close cooperation between different types of platforms are the construction contents of industrial Internet ecosystem. The author has introduced it in detail in the article "rooted in the sky, the survival of the ecological - towards the industrial Internet of the ecological system".
For example, the industrial Internet of things platform of John Deere, an international well-known agricultural machinery manufacturer, can integrate the data on the soil, meteorology, sales and other platforms related to agricultural machinery to form services based on intelligent products, but this does not mean that the soil, meteorology, sales and other partner platforms have automatically become John Deere's "industrial Internet of things platform", It shows that John Deere's industrial Internet of things platform has many ecological partners and forms an ecological chain network, which can better develop new intelligent agricultural machinery under richer demand constraints, and provide users with more unexpected services with intelligent machines as the interface.
three.The four must do of industrial Internet
"The core of industrial Internet is still industry", which is the voice and basic judgment of most experts in the reader group of cast soul.Therefore, to build and apply the industrial Internet, the author believes that there are four things that must be done: Based on the industrial scene, follow the industrial laws, focus on industrial applications and provide industrial value.
（one）Based on industrial scenarioServe the actual situation of the enterprise: such as improving the production efficiency of the operation site, realizing the optimal allocation of manufacturing resources in different regions, developing and customizing personalized products on demand, remote monitoring of high-risk products and remote monitoring/Maintain high-value products, eliminate unsafe factors of enterprises, optimize supply chain, intelligent logistics, warehousing, etc.
（two）Follow industrial lawsIt refers to the basic attributes of industry in the industrial field, such as natural body, huge space, long time, subdivided specialty, strict selection of materials, actuarial energy consumption, validation model, polishing software, patient precipitation, repeated iteration, high reliability, strong causality, strong correlation, determined output results, etc. Therefore, the industrial law is to repeatedly polish and precipitate, and there will be no short-term behavior of "explosion" overnight.
（three）Focus on industrial applicationsIt refers to the industrial Internet, which transmits industrial data, carries industrial knowledge, controls industrial equipment, solves industrial problems and optimizes the allocation of industrial resources.
（four）Provide industrial valueIndustrial Internet can reflect industrial value from the following three aspects:① Transcend the time and space constraints, break the original relatively closed and rigid industrial system pattern, and connect more flexibly and widely in a relatively discrete formvariousIndustrial elements, showing cross domain, super system levelConnection value；② Build an industrial Internet platform supporting ubiquitous connection, flexible supply and efficient allocation of manufacturing resources, build a service system based on massive industrial big data collection, aggregation and analysis, and formNew value chain；③ Based on the analysis results of industrial big data, gain insight into the details of physical activities that have been happening in the physical world in the past but can not be observed, and mine hidden problemsInformation valueAnd make decisions on R & D, production, service and management. Finally, enterprises can optimize the allocation of industrial resources on a large scale, fine operate the complex systems of enterprises, further improve the quality and efficiency of enterprises and realize sustainable development.
four.Self perfection and accommodation development of industrial Internet
（one）Industrial Internet or industrial LANThe word "Internet" comes from its English nameinternetThe original meaning is "international computer Internet". Therefore, international, computer and network are its three most important labels. social contact/The consumer Internet has long been an international Internet network extending in all directions, and there are few events in which two terminals cannot exchange data through dialogue; At present, the industrial Internet is basically an "industrial Lan". No matter which industrial Internet platform, it connects a certain number of industrial equipment within a relatively limited range, mainly depending on business needs and its own expansion ability.
The platform with strong connection ability and outreach needs has gone abroad and connected a large number of overseas equipment; Platforms with no external connection requirements or weak connection ability are mainly connected to local equipment. On the whole, the industrial Internet has not developed to the connection level of "Internet". Therefore, expanding the connection ability of industrial Internet platform is the primary problem.
（two）Industrial Internet ecological construction is becoming more and more importantThere are hundreds of domestic industrial Internet platforms. However, these industrial Internet platforms are basically independent and unconnected "data islands", and each "island" connects a group of customers and developers in the industry. Proactive platform enterprises began to pay attention to the construction of the ecological system of the industrial Internet, try to extend the tentacles of various "chains" on their own networks, and expand their territory in more fields and on a larger scale; Then, it seems that the platform enterprises that are aware of it have not yet established the concept of industrial Internet ecosystem. The future development and competition of industrial Internet is actually the competition of industrial Internet ecosystem. Only by paying attention to the ecological system construction of industrial Internet can we achieve stability and sustainable development.
（three）Industrial Internet "poverty alleviation" is imperativeLarge enterprises usually do not choose other people's industrial Internet platform for their own development, but small, medium-sized and micro enterprises do not have the development ability of industrial Internet platform. They are "poor households" in the field of industrial Internet. Their application of industrial Internet is a real "poverty alleviation" problem in the field of industry.When it comes to industrial transformation and upgrading, if only large enterprises successfully join the new infrastructure and apply the industrial Internet, China's industrial transformation and upgrading has been completed at most half.Only when most of China's small, medium-sized and micro enterprises are also on the industrial Internet can it be said that industrial transformation and upgrading are on the right track。At present, small, medium-sized and micro enterprises can only choose a certain commercial platform or rely on the industrial cloud provided by the government/Public service platform of industrial Internet. Therefore, the construction of public service platform of industrial Internet has become a problem that must be solved and has overall strategic significance.
（four）Interconnection of industrial Internet platformMost industrial Internet platforms are not only insufficient in the number and ability to connect industrial elements, but also insufficient in connection with other industrial Internet platforms. This has caused many problems. For example, can a customer on platform a successfully migrate to platform B for objective reasons? An industrial product successfully developed on platform aAPP, can you successfully migrate to platform B? Otherwise, the internal friction of repeated development and construction will be very serious.Therefore, it is urgent for all industrial Internet platform providers to think about and break the situation as soon as possible, how to develop from the current separation of princes and fighting on their own to the strong cooperation, win-win cooperation and ecological victory, how to transition from industrial LAN to industrial Internet as soon as possible, and how to realize interconnection and accommodation between different industrial Internet platforms Key issues that must be addressed.
five.Summary
Industrial Internet is a new industrial network born from the joint development of industrial endogenous demand and external technology. Its launch caters to the development needs of the new industrial revolution, is the in-depth development of the integration of industrialization and industrialization, and is the key infrastructure for the implementation of intelligent manufacturing.
this yearfourIn June, the industrial Internet was listed as a "new infrastructure" project by the state, and it was named to speed up the construction; In the pastsixmonththirtyOn the th, the central government once again called for "accelerating the innovative development of the industrial Internet with intelligent manufacturing as the main direction", which fully shows that the national level attaches great importance to the industrial Internet. Therefore, the industrial Internet is born at the right time and has unlimited prospects.
In the development process of industrial Internet, we must understand and master the characteristics of industrial Internet“Two network subjects, three basic characteristics and four must be achieved”； Pay attention to the difference between industrial Internet and Telecom Internet, and do not include the content of non industrial Internet into industrial Internet; Special attention should be paid to the integration development and ecological construction of industrial Internet platform, as well as the "poverty alleviation" in the development of industrial Internet.
