Overseas warehouse transformation needs the support of intelligent supply chain

发布时间：2021-12-31作者来源：金航标浏览：2333

Nowadays, overseas warehouse has become an important starting point for cross-border e-commerce global procurement, global sales and third-party logistics enterprises to improve service quality and obtain market competitive advantage.

   The establishment of overseas warehouses by cross-border e-commerce is an inevitable demand under market competition. The world's leading cross-border e-commerce platforms such as Amazon, eBay and aliexpress have developed rapidly, which has contributed to the layout and construction of overseas sales warehouses; Jd.com, which is mainly oriented to the domestic market, has deployed more than 110 overseas procurement warehouses around the world by covering 100% of the origin. Tmall also announced that it will build a new European procurement warehouse based on the American warehouse, Japanese warehouse and Korean warehouse; Third party logistics enterprises serving cross-border e-commerce or global logistics, such as SF, also increase the distribution of transportation, storage and warehouse of third-party overseas warehouses abroad.

   Overseas warehouse fever did not start today. As early as 2015, the "Internet circulation" action plan issued by the Ministry of Commerce proposed to promote the construction of 100 e-commerce "overseas warehouses"; The 2016 government work report also proposed to encourage business model innovation, expand cross-border e-commerce pilot, support enterprises to build a number of "overseas warehouses" of export products, and promote the development of foreign trade comprehensive service enterprises.

   The national policy of high-profile promoting the construction of overseas warehouses has been going through for more than three years. Although the number of overseas warehouses has increased sharply, in fact, most of the new overseas warehouses bring much higher operating costs than benefits to the investment enterprises. There are many problems such as cargo explosion, slow-moving and pressure, high cost, difficult return and exchange, upstream and downstream game in the supply chain, differences in international tax laws and overseas consumers' rights and interests. How to improve the overall profits of the supply chain through overseas warehouses has become the key to the planning and construction of overseas warehouses in the future.

   In essence, the overseas warehouse is not complex, but it is a storage facility set up overseas based on cross-border trade. Usually, the goods are transported to the target market countries in advance by bulk transportation. After the consumers in the target market order, they respond to the order as quickly as possible and carry out warehouse distribution business or value-added services such as sorting, packaging, distribution and return, It can be used not only as a consumer warehouse similar to Amazon's "storage for transportation", but also as a kind of node warehouse with "node network" of warehousing.

   However, from the perspective of supply chain system and industrial chain ecology, the success of overseas warehouse operation depends on its position and role in the whole supply chain and industrial chain, the efficiency comparison between the cost and income of operation management, the matching between the type of stored goods and the type of supply chain, the Internet, information technology The degree of support of intelligent technology for warehousing intelligent decision-making.

   The above-mentioned overseas warehouses refer to large-scale overseas warehouses set up by super large cross-border e-commerce with a certain market position; There is also a personal workshop type overseas warehouse with a longer history and spontaneously formed by the market, which mainly serves overseas purchasing. There are many differences in their market positioning, operation management mode and supply chain ecosystem.

   The individual based overseas purchasing agency and the individual workshop type overseas warehouse can be described as a "perfect match". The overseas warehouse uses the residence, garage, storage room or surrounding idle houses where the purchasing agent is located. It forms pile management by itself or his family, which is similar to the individual stall in the vegetable market, so that the use cost and management cost are close to zero, and the goods are relatively single and easy to predict, And more use of "gray customs clearance" tax evasion, etc. its high-efficiency mode of near zero cost and high profit has greatly promoted the ultra-high-speed development of overseas purchasing agency.

   According to the data, in 2018, China's overseas shopping market reached 90 million people and the overseas purchasing market reached 260.1 billion yuan. Relying on overseas purchasing on various Internet platforms and cross-border e-commerce platforms, it formed a rapid and savage growth through trade facilities such as information asymmetry, tax exemption or tax evasion and early market freedom. The accompanying workshop type overseas warehouse also showed a massive growth trend.

   However, with the implementation of the e-commerce law in China in 2019, e-commerce operators also need to register market subjects and fulfill their tax obligations. The new deal on import and export tax reduction and customs clearance began to regulate the original places outside the law. The United States, Japan, South Korea and EU countries also began to strengthen the fight against all kinds of non-standard customs clearance. Russia also stepped up the fight against "gray customs clearance", The overseas purchasing market and its derived workshop overseas warehouses are facing structural adjustment.

   China continues to improve policy support for the development of cross-border e-commerce. In August 2018, on the basis of the original cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot zones in 13 cities, 22 cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot zones were added, basically covering the main first and second tier cities in China. This has promoted the normative, large-scale and global network development of super large cross-border e-commerce platforms, curbed the development of small, scattered and difficult to comply overseas purchasing agents, and promoted the migration and transformation of overseas purchasing agents to legal cross-border e-commerce platforms.

   Applicable to legal and compliant cross-border e-commerce platforms, overseas warehouses with high operating costs need to reposition new markets, and seek cross-border e-commerce industry chain ecology that can control costs, improve service levels and improve supply chain system and high profits. On the other hand, the workshop type overseas warehouse spawned by overseas purchasing agency will still play a role in the process of new regulations and transformation for a long time.

   In the supply chain matrix theory, the supply chain system of functional products and innovative products should be divided into efficiency supply chain and response supply chain respectively; For workshop type overseas warehouses and cross-border e-commerce overseas warehouses, it is also necessary to build different industrial chain ecology. The former needs the standardized cluster guidance from the way out, and the latter needs the commodity selection ability suitable for overseas warehouses, but there are still common problems to be solved.

   Overseas warehouse generally includes three stages, namely head-on transportation, warehouse management and local distribution. Among them, the first way transportation is mainly the seller's transportation of goods from the country of origin (more willing to be in bulk form) to the overseas warehouse of another country by sea, air, land and rail, and customs declaration and customs clearance are carried out in accordance with the provisions of relevant countries; Warehouse management is to implement remote warehouse management and inventory management in overseas warehouses, and carry out warehouse in and warehouse out according to order requirements; Local distribution is to deliver goods to consumers according to order demand and inventory management system, and realize return and exchange.

   In addition to the policy risk, operation risk, quality risk and cost risk caused by differences in international tax laws and overseas consumers' rights and interests, most of the existing main problems of overseas warehouses are directly related to information asymmetry, difficult data sharing and inaccurate prediction, such as goods explosion, slow sales and pressure, high cost, large return and exchange loss, etc, However, it is precisely what the smart supply chain pays attention to and can solve. It also needs to rely on "big cloud mobile intelligence" to form a smart industrial chain ecology of cross-border e-commerce.

   The reason why Amazon can realize the "storage for transportation" mode of timely delivery of consumers' purchase through local inventory lies in the support of the big data and cloud service system of AWS (Amazon Web Service) platform for this mode, so that Amazon can more accurately predict what, when and how much consumers need than consumers, Thus, it can meet the optimization of resource allocation between storage and transportation functions at low cost and high response.

   The operation of overseas warehouses also needs to "network nodes" like domestic warehouses, optimize the full endowment elements of their own and allies' resources by using alliances, capital or information networks, and integrate resources such as multimodal transport, transit warehouse, freight forwarding, return and bid exchange, customs declaration and customs clearance, especially to build sister overseas warehouses and sister border warehouses at both ends at home and abroad, Realize the whole process logistics track tracking and the whole network coordination and win-win.

   Overseas warehouses also need to improve the real-time response speed of node warehouse configuration. The cross-border e-commerce platform has the digital foundation of the whole process and resources, so it is easier to introduce automation equipment and realize the global cross-border e-commerce intelligent supply chain system by using unmanned operation, intelligent operation and intelligent decision-making.

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