Smart logistics needs a new generation of modular closed vehicles

发布时间：2021-12-31作者来源：金航标浏览：2412

Although the logistics industry has proposed cost reduction and efficiency increase for four years, and various policies and measures have been implemented one after another, various black technologies such as "big cloud mobile logistics intelligence" have been implemented in logistics enterprises, the problems of high cost and low efficiency in logistics nodes have not been solved. In 2018, the total cost of social logistics in China accounted for 14.8% of GDP, an increase of 0.2% over 2017, in which the proportion of warehousing cost increased by 0.4% and the proportion of logistics management cost increased by 0.1%. Not only the problems of high cost and low efficiency have not been solved, but the connection, connection and transshipment technology between various modes of transportation and different means of transportation need to be broken through, Modular closed transport tools need to be innovated.

   In history, there was also a scene of high warehousing and transshipment costs. In 1956, when containers had not really entered international shipping, the time, labor and cost of port operation were different from today. A 5000 ton bulk carrier sailing between American and European ports took six days to load in New York port and five days to unload in London port. There were more than 50000 registered dock workers in port cities such as New York and London, More than 50% of the cost of cargo shipping occurs in the terminal operation. Subject to the port operation capacity and efficiency, shipping does not need a larger tonnage cargo ship, and even if it can be transported, it can not be loaded and unloaded.

   In 1966, containers began to enter the international transportation system. With the expansion of the scale of standard containers and the upgrading of the international transportation system around standard containers, there are fewer and fewer wharf workers, higher and higher operation efficiency, larger and larger transportation scale and lower operation cost. At present, each container operation point of the port can connect, load, unload and transfer up to 30 containers per hour; In order to improve logistics efficiency, 200000 ton cargo ships, 300000 ton cargo ships and even 400000 ton cargo ships have gradually become the main ship types of shipping; In 2017, Qingdao port was built into the world's first unmanned port, which can automatically load and unload 4500 containers of "COSCO France" in 24 hours.

   Standard container has built a highly automated, low-cost, high-efficiency and low complexity standardized global freight system, deeply changed the global freight system, and directly promoted economic globalization and global industrial structure adjustment. China's rapid economic development benefits not only from its integration into the global industrial chain, but also from this standard container and the standardized global freight system with standard container as the core.

   Although standard containers are so important, and the output of standard containers and special containers made in China exceeds more than half of the world, and 7 of the top 10 global container port throughput are in China, the global container multimodal transport has not been widely used in China. In 2017, China's container rail sea intermodal transport accounted for only 1.5%, and container rail rail intermodal transport accounted for only 2.9%; In the same period, the proportion of rail sea intermodal transport in the United States reached 49.5%, and the proportion of public rail intermodal transport in European countries reached 30% - 40%. The reasons for this phenomenon are not only the constraints of system and mechanism, but also the economic and reasonable market choice.

   Another popular global freight system and modular vehicle used with standard containers is standardized pallets. As we all know, logistics standardization, modularization, modularization and intelligence are the main ways to solve logistics efficiency and cost. Since 2013, the Ministry of Commerce has been vigorously promoting the work of standard pallet, pallet transportation and pallet digitization, and giving large financial subsidies to demonstration enterprises. However, up to now, the number of pallets in the United States has reached 2 billion, and 320 million pallets have been leased, accounting for 16%, while the number of pallets in China is 1.2 billion, and only 21 million pallets have been leased, accounting for only 1.75%, which fully shows that most pallets are only circulated or "static" within enterprises and rarely transported with pallets, It seriously affects the value and efficacy of pallets in "dynamic" transportation.

   In addition, the standard pallet used by enterprises only relying on the subsidy of the Ministry of commerce also shows that the economic rationality of the current standard pallet in the domestic freight system is not enough. On the one hand, the open tray is only applicable to some goods with low price, without appearance protection and confidentiality; On the other hand, standard pallets do not fully match the size modulus of standard containers, trucks and railway carriages, and the cost of pallet damage and pallet maintenance caused by multiple operations of forklifts is high.

   Facing the awkward position of the sluggish development of standard container multimodal transport and pallet industry in China, on the one hand, it is necessary to build supporting infrastructure and equipment such as port, highway, railway, aviation, ship, bridge and tunnel and multimodal transport, which are suitable for standard container and standard pallet as the core in the whole logistics transportation, storage and distribution system; On the other hand, it is necessary to explore a new generation of standard modular closed vehicles suitable for China's future logistics system and logistics market.

   Standard containers, standard pallets and their supporting logistics systems have been running around the world for 80 years. China also set sail its first container ship in 1978. However, in China, in the market competition environment, the overall recognition of railway, road and air freight for standard containers and standard pallets is not high. The reason is that the load and carrying space of existing railway vehicles and containers, road trucks and air cargo aircraft are not completely matched with the standard containers and standard pallets suitable for shipping, resulting in low load ratio and volume except shipping, affecting market competitiveness.

   The rise of the Internet has realized the low / zero cost, high efficiency and accurate connection between personalized demand and differentiated supply, and is easy to form large-scale; Mobile Internet integrates time dimension, space dimension and logic dimension to realize the large-scale optimal allocation of originally decentralized resources; Big data, cloud computing, Internet of things and artificial intelligence can further standardize the traditional resources that are difficult to standardize through low-cost and efficient self-organization and self consistency.

   Standard container and its freight system realize low cost, high efficiency and high safety on the basis of mechanization and automation through standardization and scale after large-scale concentration of goods; With the development of intelligent technology and intelligent logistics, more decentralized and small-scale goods can also be standardized and scaled through black technology in the future.

   The purpose of adding postal code to traditional letters 40 years ago was to realize postal automatic sorting, so as to improve the sorting efficiency and overall transmission speed of letters by more than ten times; Now, the parcels of medium and small size are sorted automatically at high speed by adding QR code, and the cloud service platform is used to accurately connect users with the express brother to realize high-speed and efficient delivery; In the future, we can certainly find the most appropriate size standard closed transport unit suitable for sea rail air multimodal transport between containers and express small pieces.

   In the past, 70% of Global trade goods belonged to complete machines, complete vehicles and whole commodities, but now 70% of Global trade goods belong to increasingly standardized and modular product parts. This trend will inevitably lead to fundamental changes in the globalized industrial structure, so that most transportation and storage warehouses supporting globalized trade need more "door-to-door" whole process logistics service solutions. As a beneficiary of the structural adjustment of the global industrial chain, China needs to establish the leading position of the new logistics model and new logistics system.

   The best size modular closed vehicle equipped in the "door-to-door" transportation and storage warehouse needs not only to dock with the minimum standard module of sea rail public air vehicles, but also to dock with the holding space that can accommodate and be compatible with the most types of commercial goods. In 1956, Professor Weldon of Johns Hopkins University believed through modeling that the container of 20 foot unit is the most economical. Now the new closed unit size also needs new economic optimization. Standard containers and pallets are no longer the best choice in the smart logistics market.

   The author believes that with the support of "big cloud mobile intelligence" technology based on 5g, 1200mm & times; 1000mm× 1200mm or 1200mm & times; 1000mm× 1450mm standard modular closed vehicle can have more space utilization and load ratio than standard container, and can also use new technologies and equipment to realize Nondestructive Automatic ultra-high speed sorting, especially to help strengthen the market competitiveness of intelligent logistics.

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