Since the two sessions this year, the topic of industrial Internet promoting the high-quality development of manufacturing industry has been mentioned by many articles。 Reading relevant articles, most of them are prospect, proposition or judgment statements, and there is no in-depth excavation and development from logic and reason. Just two days ago, I participated in the seminar held by the ICT Institute of the Ministry of industry and information technology“Seminar on industrial Internet helping the high-quality development of real economy”。 At the seminar, the author talked about some of his market observations and views, which were affirmed and encouraged by the leaders of the information administration bureau of the Ministry of industry and information technology. I hope to write and publish these observations and views in an article.

      one.What is the industrial Internet

      There are more than a dozen different versions of the definition of industrial Internet. It is not summarized and repeated here.

      First of all, the industrial Internet referred to in this definition is not completely equivalent to foreign leading enterprises (e.gGE）The definition of "industrial Internet" is not the "industrial Internet" envisaged and compiled by some experts in the market, but the author according tothirty-sixYears of experience in manufacturingITThe industrial Internet defined in my mind based on my in-depth understanding of the field, and give some personal understanding and judgment on the industrial Internet recently according to my independent thinking and professional cognition. We welcome criticism and correction from friends from all walks of life and in-depth discussion on special topics.

      The author focuses on the following five connotations of industrial Internet:

      one、Industrial Internet is the integration of industrialization and industrialization, manufacturing informatizationICTThe inheritance, development, convergence and integration of technology, sensors and other advanced technologies under the situation of new industrial revolution。 The market has not suddenly emerged a "new" that has never been knownXX”。 All the above technologies have historical heritage and are constantly developing, keeping pace with the times and learning from each other. However, the integration of the two modernizations is no longertenThe integration of industrialization and industrialization two years ago,ICTTechnology is nottwentyYears agoICTTechnology, manufacturing informatization is notthirtyIn the manufacturing informatization years ago, when these technologies developed independently of each other, you will find that these technologies have begun to enter each other's boundaries, learn from each other's advantages and become new solutions. For example“LBSLocation based services "is a commonICTTechnology, it can be through telecommunicationsMobile operatorofRadio communicationNetwork (e.gGSMNetworkCDMANetwork) or external positioning mode (e.gGPS）Obtain the location information of the mobile terminal user, whenLBSWhen it is applied to the manufacturing field and bound with machines and equipment, it can provide the location information of machines and equipment at any time. Therefore, the remote operation and maintenance management of machines and equipment becomes possible.

      two、Industrial Internet is the key infrastructure for intelligent manufacturing。 staytwo thousand and seventeenyearelevenmonthtwenty-sevenOn deepening the "Internet" "Advanced manufacturing industry" points out in the guiding opinions on the development of industrial Internet:“Industrial Internet is a new industrial revolution characterized by digitization, networking and intelligenceCritical infrastructureAnd accelerate its developmentIt is conducive to accelerating the development of intelligent manufacturing, more extensive, more efficient and more accurateOptimize the allocation of production and service resources, promote the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, and give birth to new technologies, new business forms and new modelsa leader in manufacturingConstruction provides new momentum. " I often hear some friends in the industry say, "why do you talk about the industrial Internet every day and mention less about intelligent manufacturing? Do you stop engaging in Intelligent Manufacturing?" In fact, according to the key points of the national development document, vigorously developing the industrial Internet is doing intelligent manufacturing. The two go hand in hand.

      three、Industrial Internet is driven by "result economy" and forced by the market。 The industrial Internet is neither "artificially designed" by some people, nor the so-called "second half of the Internet". Its emergence and development have a profound social background and industrial gene inheritance,It originates from industry and will flourish in industry。 In general,It is the product driven by "result economy"。 "Result economy"（Outcome-based Economy）It is an economic concept jointly put forward by the world economic forum and Accenture, especially an industrial economic phenomenon in the third stage of the development of industrial Internet. As we all know, "economies of scale" is an economic concept that has appeared for a long time,It refers to the expansion of production capacity at a certain scientific and technological level,sendLong term average costThe downward trend has been effective in the implementation of many different countries and economies. However, when the production scale is expanded to a certain extent, there will be "diseconomies of scale", overcapacity and product backlog, which is very unfavorable to the manufacturing industry. For example, when the economic environment is bad, the production of machine tools/The equipment of the seller of construction machinery is overstocked and can not be sold as a small and medium-sized enterprise/The buyer of the construction team does not dare to place an order easily because of the lack of sufficient commencement orders. The seller and the buyer cannot reach a transaction for a long time, and it will be difficult to survive if the stalemate continues. Therefore, under the condition of mutual understanding and reasonable compromise, the enterprises of the buyer and the seller have explored a new mode of "equipment leasing based on production state", that is, the seller's enterprise is free (or only charge)10-20%First payment) for providing products, the buyer does not pay according to the time agreed in the traditional contract, but according to the effective result time of actual startup. In principle, after startup, it proves that the buyer has work and income. Later, he can pay a sum of equipment payment. With many times of commencement and long operation time, the equipment payment can be paid off quickly.It's the wisdom of entrepreneurs and the innovation of transaction mode, it not only completely changes the original business model of selling products, but also forces the seller to add necessary technical means to the equipment to determine the exact equipment status, such asLBSTo determine the equipment location, use sensors to sense the startup time and load state of the equipment, and use software to calculate the receivable expenses, etc. Therefore, the equipment must be networked from the buyer's site to the seller's enterprise, and the key operation data must be collected without omission. Such data must produce benefits.

      four、Industrial Internet is a booster and digital enabler for enterprises to realize digital transformation and leapfrog development。 Enterprise digital transformation is in the new generation of digitization/Based on information technology, an enterprise transformation and upgrading model takes business digitization as the specific carrier, data resources as the key element, the deep integration of digital technology and business technology as the development path, and the open platform and business ecology as the main symbol. Matched with it are the enterprise's product reconstruction, technology reconstruction, business reconstruction, ability reconstruction, thinking reconstruction, organization reconstruction, business model reconstruction and so on. The key to the successful implementation of industrial Internet happens to take business digitization as the specific carrier, data resources as the key element, and the deep integration of digital technology and business technology as the development path,It fits perfectly with the digital transformation of enterprises, the final result is to promote the reconstruction of various elements of enterprises. When the industrial Internet is put into operation, it is the beginning of the enterprise's digital transformation. When the industrial Internet really brings benefits to the enterprise, the enterprise's digital transformation is already on the way - some domestic industrial Internet application practices have proved that the scale and implementation scope of the industrial Internet can be large or small, and the "small quick" and "tall" schemes have their own advantages, Can succeed. Especially after learning that labor-intensive garment factories with only simple equipment such as sewing machines and ironing machines can also access the industrial Internet, the author believes that this is a special contribution and application model innovation of Chinese enterprises to the industrial Internet. obviously,The industrial Internet plays an important role in promoting and enabling China's industrialization process. The development of enterprises may not necessarily follow the "industrial" recognized by the West step by step1.x、2.x、3.x、four”The road is entirely possible to put a large number in "industry"1.x”The level of small and medium-sized enterprises is omitted“2.x”Stage, leap into“3.x”Stage, and even individual enterprises are not excluded“four”。

      five、Industrial Internet is an important cornerstone of digital economy。 bookIn June, the State Council Information Office announced that it was estimated that by the end of last yearThe scale of economic figures reachesthirty-oneTrillion, accounting forGDPOne third of。 staytwo thousand and sixteenIn, the digital economy of the United States, Germany and the United Kingdom accounted forGDPThe specific gravity exceeds50%。 In terms of economic scale,two thousand and sixteenIn, the scale of American digital economy was as high asten point eightTrillion dollars is China'sthree point twoTimes (China)two thousand and sixteenyeartwenty-two point sixTrillion yuan), Japan'sfour point sevenTimes, Germanfive point threeTimes, Britishseven point oneTimes, Frencheleven point threeTimes. It can be seen that China's digital economy still has great development potential. It is expected that when the scale of China's economy exceedsGDPof50%China's overall strength is bound to change significantly. As mentioned earlier, "result economy" is an important organic part of digital economy and an important driving force for the emergence and development of industrial Internet. There is no doubt that the large-scale popularization and application of the industrial Internet will promote the vigorous development of the "result economy", promote the digital transformation of enterprises, and make the products, processes, businesses, services, organizations, customers and other aspects of enterprises more thoroughly digitized. Most physical entity elements establish their own digital virtual bodies in the digital world, Digital EnterprisemeanwhileIn thingThe rational world, the digital world, and the interaction of the two worlds are integrated into the three worlds of a new world, research and develop products, create value, benefit society and contribute more increment to China's economic development.

      two.What is the industrial Internet

      Since the last section made it clear what the author thinks of "industrial Internet", in terms of the comprehensiveness and preciseness of the exposition, it should also add that "industrial Internet is not", so as to achieve the integrity of the expression I think.

      The author has the following personal thoughts:

      one、Industrial Internet is not "the second half of the Internet"。 The history of data always confirms and explains some important problems. Soon after the advent of computers,one thousand nine hundred and sixty-nineIt appeared inPLC, it became the beginning of machine digitization and programming, and was recognized by the Germans as a landmark event of the third industrial revolution.one thousand nine hundred and sixty-nineInternet (to be exact,InternetARPANET, the ancestor of the Internet, has just come fromDAPPAA baby born in the womb. From the point of time when these two different things appear at the same time, the machine is oriented towards digitization/The development of informatization is in fact related to computer network/The development of the Internet is almost synchronous, and there is no problem of who comes first.

      "Distributed numerical control" for workshop machine tool networkingDNC”AlsoseventyThe s appeared (iResearch reports)one thousand nine hundred and sixty-sevenThere was machine tool networking in). Although at that timeDNCThe technology was not very mature, but the technology of the Internet was also very naive at that time. In order to meet the needs of industrial sites,eightyFieldbus technology appeared in the mid-1990s. The networking of machine tools and equipment and the Internet develop in parallel in time and learn from each other in technologyTCP/IP（Transmission control protocol/Internet Interconnection Protocol）Industrial Ethernet. It can be seen that the networking of machinery and equipment based on Industrial Ethernet is similar to that based onIPv4/IPv6Our computer networking is basically developing hand in hand at the same time. However, it is well known that the Internet connects the people behind the computer through connecting computers, which greatly promotes the development of consumption and social networking. The industrial Ethernet in the industrial sector is only known to a few industrial control people in the industrial sector,ITPeople in the industry rarely touch it.

      Today's industrial Internet is an industrial network with industrial Ethernet as the main body and constantly integrating Internet technology。 There should be no such saying: because the Internet is consumed in China/The social field has achieved great success. The industrial Internet is formed when the Internet is used in the industrial field, which is the so-called "second half of the Internet". Those who hold this view may not know much about the development of machine equipment networking and industrial Ethernet.

      two、Industrial Internet is not the application of Internet in industrial field。 Based on the above paragraph, it is a current reality that the Internet can not enter the workshop. Because there is a special word "Internet" in the term "industrial Internet", we can not confuse the consumer Internet based on Internet with the industrial Internet based on Industrial Ethernet. The two kinds of "Internet" differ greatly in technology and are not the same. The consumer Internet is only connected to the computer/Mobile phones and other computing equipment terminals transmit data in unlimited time and space, and vigorously promote the digital networking of social networking and consumption by eliminating information asymmetry, thus breaking out the Internet economy; The industrial Internet should not only connect the terminals of industrial elements such as machinery and equipment, but also optimize and accurately control the behavior of these elements in real time. Therefore, it is very difficult and the Internet can not bear the burden. However, although the Internet cannot become the main body of the industrial Internet, the Internet can still be used in factories, such as customer service, sales process and tools/It plays an important role in non real-time processes such as cloud and remote diagnosis on the equipment. In addition, it can be used as an external data pipeline of the industrial Internet - between different factories, in the factory remote control equipment, it can be used only when it needs to transmit data in different places, that is, in the factoryITIn the "cloud, tube and end" that manufacturers are used to talking about, the "cloud and tube" are applicable, but the "end" involving specific equipment is not applicable, because the connection of different buses, different protocols and different types of equipment is not a complex task that requires large development workload and long maintenance period, such as computers and mobile phones on the Internet.

      three、Industrial Internet is not "Internet" ”Natural extension of。 staytwo thousand and sixteenYear Guofatwenty-eightThe State Council has formulated the guiding opinions on deepening the integrated development of manufacturing industry and Internet, and the first sentence of the document mentions:Manufacturing industry is the main body of the national economy and the implementation of "Internet"”The main battlefield of action. China is a big manufacturing country and also a big internet country. Promoting the integration of manufacturing and the Internet is conducive to the formation of superposition effect, aggregation effect and multiplication effect, and accelerating the transformation of old and new development drivers and production systems. It has broad prospects and great potential。 This is a good idea and expectation. However, practice is the touchstone of theory. Three years of practice has proved that "the Internet ”As the basic strategy or technical means of Internet enterprises, it is more applicable. But for industrial enterprises“ "Internet" may be a more appropriate choice.

      On the Internet ”In context, "Internet" is the subject“ ”Is the predicate, all the other "by" "Thing" is the object, that is, the object to be operated and managed. This is the context and mentality of a typical Internet company. Such context and attitude are not highly accepted in the industry.

      In industry, what really happens is“ internet”It means that enterprises independently and selectively integrate their various industrial elements (machines, equipment, materials, people, capital, technology, knowledge, software, information, etc.)“ internet”, when the various industrial elements of the enterprise are integrated with the Internet elements such as industrial Ethernet, Internet and Internet of things, it will really formSuperposition effect, polymerization effect, multiplication effect。

      In my opinion,two thousand and nineteenThe government work report of the "two sessions" in clearly proposed "building an industrial Internet platform and expanding" intelligent ”, enabling the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry. Here is "smart" ”The new formulation is not only the policy driving force for the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry this year, but also the "Internet" put forward by the senior management in the past ”Correction in industry. After all, "intelligence ”Not necessarily implemented by Internet companies, as for the "Internet" ”Still“ Whether the "Internet" is based on consumer Internet, industrial Ethernet, or mixed use of the two networks is up to the enterprise itself, and even technically it is not necessary to use the Internet - according to the three basic paradigms of intelligent manufacturing of the Chinese Academy of engineering, relying on digital support can also make "intelligent manufacturing" ”Landing in the enterprise. Therefore, "intelligence ”The universality, feasibility and realizability of enterprises are better than "Internet" ”Much higher and widely welcomed by the industry.

      three.What is the industrial Internet used for

      Some people say that the industrial Internet is to connect industrial equipment, do a good job in data collection, handle industrial big data and go to the cloud.

      Is the industrial Internet the interconnection of industrial equipment? Obviously not. If so,fortyThere was the industrial Internet years ago. Is the industrial Internet to realize the data collection of equipment? It should not be, let alone stable equipment data acquisition is not so easy to achieve, such as Boeing737MAXThe wrong sensor data acquisition caused the nose to dive down automatically, and the pilot struggled to "fight" with it until the plane was destroyed and people died. To say the least, even if the equipment data can be collected stably and accurately, it may not be able to achieve real-time and effective processing. The processing of industrial data is also related to the algorithm, mechanism model and the quality of the data itself (time tag, cleaning, etc.). Even if the data can be processed in real time and effectively, it depends on whether it can really optimize the resource allocation in a large range and really produce benefits for the enterprise. As for going to the cloud, it is a key consideration for the industrial Internet platform. In the early stage of industrial Internet construction, going to the cloud is not a hard choice.

      In fact, Zhu duo, the first author of "Ji · Zhi" and general manager of Languang innovation company, said a very refined sentence: "through networking and monitoring, giving play to the advantages of equipment clustering and networking can make the production efficiency higher and the production process more controlled,... Bring obvious value to the enterprise in reducing cost, improving quality and increasing efficiency." In short, the role of industrial Internet is to monitor the present, trace the past, optimize the future, and finally realize intelligent manufacturing.

      In the book "Ji · Zhi", the author said, "why is industrial software 'surnamed worker'," how many integration are you doing? " Other works/The article and a series of lectures in recent years have constantly stressed that: intelligent manufacturing and industrial Internet are defined and driven by software, which is a real "integration of two" - today's software is not only satisfied with giving various deterministic calculation results (figures, text, tables, cards and other data) on the display screen to assist people in decision-making, Instead, the control command data generated according to the calculation results can be directly input to the controller of the machine and equipment to drive the actuator of the machine and equipment to make various accurate actions, that is, the software has realized "closed loop". The closed-loop software truly defines the rule system of automatic data flow, greatly optimizes the allocation of manufacturing resources, speeds up the response speed of the system and improves the management level of enterprises.

      I understand the industrial Internet,Industrial equipment should be connected across time and space rather than limited time and space. Data collection, processing and tracing should be done comprehensively and accurately rather than accidental mistakes. It should be "no landing" of automatic data flow rather than "landing" of poor data flow. It should be software to realize closed-loop control rather than open-loop non controlled machinery and equipment, It should optimize the allocation of manufacturing resources in a large range rather than in a small range, and finally make the industrial Internet truly generate value for enterprises。

      four.Industrial Internet and high quality development of manufacturing industry

      To clarify the logic of industrial Internet supporting high-quality development of manufacturing industry, we must first clarify the basis and logical relationship of high-quality development.

      The high-quality development of manufacturing industry is inseparable from high-quality product design, manufacturing process and manufacturing resources, because manufacturing resources, manufacturing process and products are the three most basic elements of manufacturing industry. Of course, the high-quality development of manufacturing industry is inseparable from high-level management.

      High quality product design is inseparable from high quality "algorithm" Data "; High quality manufacturing process is inseparable from high-quality machine tools, production lines and other equipment and high-quality process design; High quality manufacturing resources are inseparable from the "exploration, drilling, mining and refining" of high-quality raw materials.

      High quality product design, manufacturing process, manufacturing resources and management level ultimately produce high-quality products, high customer satisfaction services and high market returns. This is the basic logic of the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry.

      In this basic logic, the following causality caused by industrial Internet must be clarified:

      Because industrial equipment is connected across time and space, it can control a wide range of machine equipment and enterprise supply chains in real time, and even extend control to intelligent products in the hands of customers;

      Because of the comprehensive and accurate data collection, processing and tracing, accurate and reliable data can be used in product models, business models and market forecasts to support various calculations and decisions of enterprises;

      Because the data automatically flows "without landing", the correct data can be given to the right people and machines at the right time and in the right version, so that things can be done right and optimized at one time;

      Because the software has formed a closed-loop control, it can make the machine autonomous, people leave the system loop, and the machine can do the same thing or even do better without human intervention;

      Because it can optimize the allocation of manufacturing resources in a large range, large-scale super large enterprises can realize fine and intensive management and realize the overall optimization of complex system level.

      With the establishment of the above causality, the industrial Internet supporting the high-quality development of manufacturing industry is no longer a proposition and speculation, but a real development logic and predictable results.The cause of industrial Internet will inevitably bring the fruit of high-quality development, it will certainly enable enterprises to form innovative product design, accurate and green manufacturing process and optimized allocation of manufacturing resources, and finally bring high-quality products, high customer satisfaction services and high market returns to enterprises.

      Industry professionals' forward-looking judgments on the industrial Internet are generally consistent. Xu Xiaolan, President of the industrial Internet Research Institute of the Ministry of industry and information technology, a national specialized agency for the research and management of industrial Internet, pointed out that the development of industrial Internet is conducive toOptimize stock, reduce the comprehensive cost of enterprises, promote the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry, and resolve the challenges exacerbated by the intention of industrial outward transfer; advantageous toBigger increment, support the development and growth of advanced manufacturing industry, promote the extension of industrial value chain to high-end, and seize the initiative of long-term development in the future; advantageous toAccommodation development, promote innovation and entrepreneurship, extend and expand to all fields of the real economy, and cultivate and form new economic growth points.

      The author highly agrees with the above judgment and conclusion.

      five.Summary

      A deep understanding of what the industrial Internet is will help to form a consensus and truly take root and blossom in enterprises.

      A deep understanding of what the industrial Internet is not helps to eliminate misunderstandings, purify market noise, and make the industrial Internet on a smooth path and on track.

      A deep understanding of the enabling and enabling role of industrial Internet will help to do a good job in the top-level design and implementation scheme of industrial Internet in terms of principle and mechanism.

      A deep understanding of the causal relationship between industrial Internet and high-quality development of manufacturing industry will help leaders at all levels fully understand the great role of industrial Internet. While paying attention to consumer Internet, they will begin to pay attention to industrial Internet, manufacturing industry and the development of the whole industrial field. Truly build a country and build a powerful country.